The Role of Intrinsic Charge in Polyamines vs. Pseudo-Polyamines

I. Water Treatment Industry

1. Heavy Metal Removal in Industrial Water

   • Forms complexes with negatively charged heavy metal ions (e.g., Pb²⁺/Cd²⁺) via electrostatic adsorption, achieving >95% removal efficiency.

   • Reduces sludge production by 60% compared to aluminum-based coagulants.

2. Enhanced Industrial & Municipal Wastewater Treatment

   • Positively charged groups neutralize colloidal particles while adsorbing dissolved organic matter.

   • Improves nitrogen/phosphorus removal efficiency by 40%.

3. Anti-Fouling in Biofilm Membranes

   • Electrostatic self-assembly modifies membrane surfaces, reducing fouling rate by >40% and extending membrane lifespan.

II. Petroleum Additives Industry

1. Drilling Fluid Stabilization

   • Neutralizes negative charges on shale surfaces, inhibiting clay swelling and improving wellbore stability by 30%.

2. Crude Oil Demulsification

   • Disrupts negatively charged oil-water interfaces, accelerating droplet coalescence. Outperforms traditional polyether demulsifiers.

III. Disinfectants Industry

1. Targeted Sterilization

   • Positively charged groups adsorb to negatively charged bacterial cell walls (e.g., E. coli), disrupting membrane permeability (>99.9% kill rate).

2. Anti-Biofilm Action

   • Charge-driven penetration into biofilm matrices overcomes the shielding effect of extracellular polysaccharides (unlike conventional quaternary ammonium salts).

IV. Market Differentiation