●Small-molecule acids: such as acetic acid, which can be rapidly assimilated by microorganisms.

●Carbohydrates: such as glucose, which supply energy and carbon source.

●Short-chain alcohols: such as ethanol, which increase the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio and optimize nitrogen removal efficiency.

◆ Biological Fermentation Type

Prepared from molasses, starch, cellulose and other raw materials via fermentation with specific strains, this type yields a mixture containing organic acids, alcohols and a small amount of sugars. It is the mainstream and high-efficiency category at present.

◆ Chemical Synthesis/By-product Type

Formulated by mixing multiple chemical products in prescribed proportions.

Produced through the purification and compounding of organic by-products generated from certain chemical industries.

◆ Waste Recycling Type

Manufactured by processing waste materials including food processing wastewater, waste molasses, biomass hydrolysate, etc.

It is eco-friendly and cost-effective, yet strict control over its composition stability is required.